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The Screen and Mouse Position¶
Locations on your screen are referred to by X and Y Cartesian coordinates. The X coordinate starts at 0 on the left side and increases going right. Unlike in mathematics, the Y coordinate starts at 0 on the top and increases going down.
The pixel at the top-left corner is at coordinates 0, 0. If your screen's resolution is 1920 x 1080, the pixel in the lower right corner will be 1919, 1079 (since the coordinates begin at 0, not 1).
The screen resolution size is returned by the size() function as a tuple of two integers. The current X and Y coordinates of the mouse cursor are returned by the position() function.
For example:
Here is a short Python 3 program that will constantly print out the position of the mouse cursor:
Here is the Python 2 version:
To check if XY coordinates are on the screen, pass them (either as two integer arguments or a single tuple/list arguments with two integers) to the onScreen() function, which will return True if they are within the screen's boundaries and False if not. For example:
Mouse Movement¶
The moveTo() function will move the mouse cursor to the X and Y integer coordinates you pass it. The None value can be passed for a coordinate to mean 'the current mouse cursor position'. For example:
Normally the mouse cursor will instantly move to the new coordinates. If you want the mouse to gradually move to the new location, pass a third argument for the duration (in seconds) the movement should take. For example:
(If the duration is less than pyautogui.MINIMUM_DURATION the movement will be instant. By default, pyautogui.MINIMUM_DURATION is 0.1.)
If you want to move the mouse cursor over a few pixels relative to its current position, use the move() function. This function has similar parameters as moveTo(). For example:
Mouse Drags¶
PyAutoGUI's dragTo() and drag() functions have similar parameters as the moveTo() and move() functions. In addition, they have a button keyword which can be set to 'left', 'middle', and 'right' for which mouse button to hold down while dragging. For example:
Tween / Easing Functions¶
Tweening is an extra feature to make the mouse movements fancy. You can probably skip this section if you don't care about this.
A tween or easing function dictates the progress of the mouse as it moves to its destination. Normally when moving the mouse over a duration of time, the mouse moves directly towards the destination in a straight line at a constant speed. This is known as a linear tween or linear easing function.
PyAutoGUI has other tweening functions available in the pyautogui module. The pyautogui.easeInQuad function can be passed for the 4th argument to moveTo(), move(), dragTo(), and drag() functions to have the mouse cursor start off moving slowly and then speeding up towards the destination. The total duration is still the same as the argument passed to the function. The pyautogui.easeOutQuad is the reverse: the mouse cursor starts moving fast but slows down as it approaches the destination. The pyautogui.easeOutElastic will overshoot the destination and 'rubber band' back and forth until it settles at the destination.
For example:
These tweening functions are copied from Al Sweigart's PyTweening module: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/PyTweeninghttps://github.com/asweigart/pytweening This module does not have to be installed to use the tweening functions.
If you want to create your own tweening function, define a function that takes a single float argument between 0.0 (representing the start of the mouse travelling) and 1.0 (representing the end of the mouse travelling) and returns a float value between 0.0 and 1.0.
Mouse Clicks¶
The click() function simulates a single, left-button mouse click at the mouse's current position. A 'click' is defined as pushing the button down and then releasing it up. For example:
To combine a moveTo() call before the click, pass integers for the x and y keyword argument:
To specify a different mouse button to click, pass 'left', 'middle', or 'right' for the button keyword argument:
To do multiple clicks, pass an integer to the clicks keyword argument. Optionally, you can pass a float or integer to the interval keyword argument to specify the amount of pause between the clicks in seconds. For example:
Mos Smooth Scroll Saws
As a convenient shortcut, the doubleClick() function will perform a double click of the left mouse button. It also has the optional x, y, interval, and button keyword arguments. For example:
There is also a tripleClick() function with similar optional keyword arguments.
The rightClick() function has optional x and y keyword arguments.
The mouseDown() and mouseUp() Functions¶
Mouse clicks and drags are composed of both pressing the mouse button down and releasing it back up. If you want to perform these actions separately, call the mouseDown() and mouseUp() functions. They have the same x, y, and button. For example:
Mouse Scrolling¶
The mouse scroll wheel can be simulated by calling the scroll() function and passing an integer number of 'clicks' to scroll. The amount of scrolling in a 'click' varies between platforms. Optionally, integers can be passed for the the x and y keyword arguments to move the mouse cursor before performing the scroll. For example:
Mos Smooth Scrolling
On OS X and Linux platforms, PyAutoGUI can also perform horizontal scrolling by calling the hscroll() function. For example:
Mos Smooth Scroll Saw
The scroll() function is a wrapper for vscroll(), which performs vertical scrolling.
